VPP's: Background Information
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General
- What is a virtual power plant ?
Abstract:High Level description of the objective, control system & Next Kraftwerke VPP - Clean Energy 101: Virtual Power Plants:
Abstract:Overview of VPP's by RMI. - Virtual Power Plants, Real Benefits
Abstract:RMI report on the benefits of VPP - Virtual Power Plants: new energy systems will generate green revenues for real estate. But the sector will need to build capacity for Open Innovation. Here's how.
Abstract:Discussion of VPP market and players - So, What Exactly Are Virtual Power Plants?
Abstract:Explanation of VPP's by GreenTech Media - Explainer: What is a virtual power plant?
Abstract:USA focussed article on VPP's - How To Choose Between A Microgrid And A Virtual Power Plant
Abstract:Good explanation of the differences between microgrids and a VPP - VPP Simulation Game
Abstract:Next Kraftwerke game to control frequency using a selection of assets. Players use either manual control or using automated VPP.
Generic VPP Architecture
The generic design of VPP was set out in reference [1] and consists of a number modules including communications, accounting, forecasting, scheduling, bidding and risk management etc. (See Figure 1 adapted from ref [1]). For more sophisticated business models requiring interfaces with many markets and sites, much of the functionality shown in Figure 1 would be required. Note only some of these functions may be required in simpler business models.
[1] S. You, C. Træholt, and B. Poulsen, "Generic Virtual Power Plants: Management of distributed energy resources under liberalized electricity market," in 8th International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management (APSCOM 2009), 2009, pp. 1-6.